Abahuza ni iki n'akazi kabo k'ibanze?

 

 

Abahuza ni iki n'akazi kabo k'ibanze?

 

Mu nganda zikora irangi, wino, n'amakofi, ukunze guhura n'izi mbogamizi: irangi ku birahure rikura nyuma yo kubira, igabanuka rikomeye ry'imbaraga z'amakofi ku bicuruzwa by'umuringa cyangwa ifeza nyuma yo gusaza, cyangwa ikwirakwira ritangana iyo silane z'amazi zongewe ku irangi ry'ifu?
Ibi bibazo, bishobora kugaragara nk'aho ari "ibintu bidahuye," akenshi bigaruka ku kintu cy'ingenzi cy'inyongera - ikintu gihuza. Benshi babibona nk'ikintu "gituma ibintu bikomera neza," ariko se mu by'ukuri "gihuza" gute ku rwego rwa molekile? Ni gute cyatoranywa ku buryo butandukanye, kandi ni izihe mbogamizi zihishe mu ikoreshwa ryacyo?

 

None se, ni iki mu by'ukuriumukozi uhuza? Umuti uhuza ni "ikiraro cy'ingirabuzimafatizo" gishobora gukorana n'amatsinda y'imikorere y'ubuso ku bikoresho bidafite umwimerere (nk'ibyuma, ikirahure, cyangwa ibyuzuza) mu gihe kandi kigakora imigozi ya shimi cyangwa imvange ya molekile na polimeri z'umwimerere (nk'amaresini cyangwa imipira). Inshingano yayo y'ingenzi ni ugukemura amakimbirane y'ibanze y'"ukutumvikana kw'imikorere y'ibintu bidafite umwimerere."

 

Isesengura ryimbitse: Igishushanyo "cy'imikorere ibiri" cy'ibikoresho bihuza

Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe ibintu bihuza, tugomba kubanza kumenya "abanzi" bavugaho—itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibikoresho bidafite umwimerere na polimeri z'umwimerere:

Ibikoresho bidafite umwimerere (ibyuma, ikirahure, talc, fiberglass, nibindi): Bifite polari nyinshi, bifite ingufu nyinshi ku buso; ubuso bukunze kugira amatsinda ya hydroxyl (-OH) cyangwa orbitals zidafite (urugero, d-orbitals mu byuma bihindura).

Polima z’umwimerere (resine za epoxy, PU, ​​resine za acrylic, PP, nibindi): Zifite polar nkeya, zifite iminyururu ya molekile yoroshye; ahanini imiterere itari polar cyangwa polar nkeya, bigatuma guhuza neza n’ibikoresho bidakora kugorana.

Imiterere y'imiterere y'ibikoresho bihuza ikozwe ku buryo "ifata impande zombi," irimo "imirongo ibiri ifite imikorere".

 

"Inkingi" y'Icyiciro cy'Ibintu Bidakora: Guhuza Ibinyabutabire n'Ubuso bw'Ibintu Bidakora

Dufashe urugero rw'ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa mu guhuza silane, impera yazo idakora ubusanzwe igizwe n'amatsinda ya alkoxy ashobora gushonga (-Si-OR, aho R ari methyl, ethyl, nibindi):

Hydrolysis: Iyo hari amazi cyangwa ubushuhe, -Si-OR irahita ikora amatsinda ya silanol (-Si-OH).

Gukonja: Amatsinda ya silanol ahura n'ihindagurika ry'amazi hamwe n'amatsinda ya hydroxyl ku buso bw'ibintu bidakora (urugero, -Si-OH ku kirahure, -M-OH ku byuma bitogosheje), bigakora imigozi ikomeye ya covalent (-Si-O-Si- cyangwa -Si-OM-). Ibi bitera "imisumari" ikintu gihuza n'ubuso budakora.

Silane zihindura imiterere y'icyuma zitera intambwe ikurikira: gukemura ikibazo cy'uko hari itsinda rito rya hydroxyl ku buso nk'umuringa, ifeza, cyangwa nikeli, imiterere ya heterocyclic muri molekile zazo (zirimo atome nka azote cyangwa sulfur) zishobora gukora "imibanire yo guhuza" hamwe n'ibishushanyo mbonera by'icyuma bidafite ikintu. Zishobora no gukora "imibanire yo guhuza" ifite ibice bitanu cyangwa bitandatu - iyi mibanire irakomeye kurusha imibanire isanzwe ya covalent, irenga ikibazo cy'inganda cyo kudafatana neza kwa silane gakondo ku bice by'umuringa.

 

Impera yindi "yinjira" mu cyiciro cy'ibinyabuzima: Guhuza neza na Resin

Impera y'umwimerere y'ikintu gihuza igizwe n'amatsinda y'imikorere agenewe gukorana na resin, yagenewe ubwoko bwihariye bwa resin:

Sisitemu za epoxy: Zifite amatsinda ya epoxy, zishobora kugira uruhare rutaziguye mu guhuza no guhuza resins za epoxy.

Sisitemu za UV: Zifite imigozi ibiri, zishobora gukorana n'urumuri rwa UV hamwe na sisitemu za radical yigenga cyangwa cationic.

Sisitemu za PU: Hamwe n'amatsinda ya amino cyangwa isocyanate, ashobora gukorana na isocyanate (NCO) kugira ngo akore imiyoboro ya urea.

Sisitemu za Thermoplastic (PP/PE): Zirimo iminyururu miremire ya alkyl cyangwa amatsinda ya maleic anhydride, zigirana na resin binyuze mu gufungana kwa molekile (urugero, titanate coupling agents).

 

Umuhuza ≠ Surfactant ≠ Umutako

Ubwo bwoko butatu bw'inyongeramusaruro bukunze kwitiranywa, ariko itandukaniro rikomeye riri mu kuba bwakora imigozi ya shimi:

Surfactant: Yongera ubushobozi bwo kumena hagati y’urusobe rw’amazi binyuze mu matsinda ya hydrophilic-lipophilic; nta mibanire y’ibinyabutabire ibaho, bigatuma ishobora kwimuka no kwangirika.

Imashini igabanya ubushyuhe: Irinda ko ibintu bikomeza kwiyongera binyuze mu kwirukana umuriro cyangwa kubangamira steri; ahanini ishingiye ku gukorana kw'umubiri.

Umuhuza: Ukora imiyoboro y’ibinyabutabire ihuza ibice by’ibinyabutabire n’ibinyabutabire, igakora nk’ikiraro cy’ibinyabutabire "gihoraho". Ntabwo ikwirakwiza gusa imiyoboro y’ibinyabutabire ahubwo inanongera imbaraga n’ubudahangarwa bw’ibinyabutabire.

Igenzurapaji za interinetikugira ngo ubone ibindi bicuruzwa. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi, nyamunekaTwandikire.