Ibibuza umuriro: Inyongeramusaruro za kabiri nini za Rubber na Plastiki
Irinda umurironi ikintu cy’inyongera gikoreshwa mu gukumira ko ibikoresho bishya bikwirakwira no gukumira ko inkongi ikwirakwira. Gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho bya polymer. Hamwe n’ikoreshwa ryagutse ry’ibikoresho by’ubukorikori no kunoza buhoro buhoro amahame yo kurinda inkongi, ibintu bigabanya inkongi bikoreshwa cyane muri pulasitiki, rabha, irangi, nibindi. Dukurikije ibintu by’ingenzi by’ingenzi bya shimi muri FR, gishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: ibintu bigabanya inkongi, ibintu bigabanya inkongi bya halogenated na fosifore bitagabanya inkongi.
Ibintu bigabanya umuriro mu buryo butari umwimerereIkora neza, ifite ubushobozi buke kandi ikaba ifite inyongera nyinshi. Igira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibikoresho. Ariko, bitewe n'igiciro gito ishobora gukoreshwa mu bicuruzwa biciriritse bifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukora, nka pulasitiki PE, PVC, nibindi. Fata urugero rwa aluminium hydroxide (ATH). Izabura amazi kandi ikarangire nyuma yo gushyuha kugeza kuri 200 ℃. Uburyo bwo kubora bufata ubushyuhe n'amazi, kugira ngo ihagarike kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho, igabanye ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'ibikoresho, igabanye umuvuduko w'ubushyuhe bwo gucika. Muri icyo gihe, umwuka w'amazi ushobora kugabanya ubwinshi bwa ogisijeni no gukumira gutwika. Alumina ikorwa no kubora ifatanye n'ubuso bw'ibikoresho, ibi bikaba bishobora kubuza umuriro gukwirakwira.
Ibintu bigabanya umuriro wa halogen by’umwimerereIkoresha cyane cyane uburyo bwa shimi. Ingufu zayo ni nyinshi kandi iyongewemo irahuye neza na polimeri. Zikoreshwa cyane mu byuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga, mu byuma bicapa n'ibindi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Ariko, zisohora imyuka ihumanya kandi yangiza, ifite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by'umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije.Ibiyobyabwenge bigabanya umuriro bivangwa na brominated (BFRs)ahanini ni ibintu bigabanya umuriro bifite halogenated. Indi niibigabanya umuriro mu buryo bwa chloro (CFRs)Ubushyuhe bwo kubora kwabyo busa n'ubw'ibikoresho bya polimeri. Iyo polimeri zishyushye kandi zigashonga, BFR nazo zitangira kubora, zinjira mu gace k'umuriro w'ingufu hamwe n'ibikomoka ku bushyuhe, zigahagarika ibikorwa kandi zikarinda ko umuriro ukwirakwira. Muri icyo gihe, umwuka urekurwa utwikira ubuso bw'ibikoresho kugira ngo uhagarike kandi wongere umwuka wa ogisijeni, hanyuma ugabanye umuvuduko w'ibikorwa byo gutwika kugeza igihe birangiye. Byongeye kandi, BFR zikunze gukoreshwa hamwe na antimoni oxide (ATO). ATO ubwayo ntabwo ifite ubukana bw'umuriro, ariko ishobora gukora nk'ingufu zo kwihutisha kubora kwa bromine cyangwa chlorine.
Ibintu bigabanya umuriro bya fosifore mu buryo bw'umwimerere (OPFRs)Ikora neza haba mu buryo bw'umubiri no mu buryo bwa shimi, ifite imikorere myiza cyane ndetse n'ibyiza byo kuba uburozi buke, kuramba no kugurwa amafaranga menshi. Byongeye kandi, ishobora no kunoza uburyo itunganywa ry'icyuma, igatanga imikorere myiza yo gukora pulasitiki no gukora neza cyane. Hamwe n'ibisabwa byinshi byo kurengera ibidukikije, OPFR zigenda zisimbura BFR nk'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe.
Nubwo kongeramo FR bitashobora gutuma ibikoresho birwanya umuriro byuzuye, bishobora kwirinda ikibazo cyo "gutwika umuriro", kugabanya inkongi no kubona umwanya w'agaciro wo gutoroka abantu bari mu nkongi. Kongera imbaraga mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rigabanya inkongi z'umuriro bituma icyizere cy'iterambere rya FR kirushaho kuba kinini.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-19-2021