Amabwiriza yo Guhitamo Ubudodo bw'Inganda: Gusiga, Wino n'ibindi

 

Mu iterambere rihoraho ry’inganda zikora amarangi, kunoza imikorere yo gusiga amarangi byahoze ari intego nyamukuru, aho inyongeramusaruro z’amarangi zigira uruhare runini mu gusiga amarangi. Guhanga udushya no gukoresha neza bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bw’amarangi. Kuva ku marangi karemano ya kera kugeza ku marangi make ya sintetike, none kugeza ku marangi make ya sintetike ya sintetike yahinduwe, iterambere ry’amarangi rigaragaza iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga amarangi. Iyi nkuru yibanda ku ikoreshwa rishya ry’amarangi ya sintetike yahinduwe mu marangi menshi mu gusiga amarangi, isesengura ibyiza byayo, uburyo bwo guhitamo, n’uburyo busanzwe bwo kuyakoresha. Igamije gutanga ibisobanuro birambuye kandi bifatika ku bahanga mu nganda, ifasha ibikoresho byo gusiga amarangi kugera ku ntambwe mu kurwanya gushwara, kurwanya kwangirika, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kurwanya ikirere, bityo igateza imbere umusaruro urengera ibidukikije n’iterambere ryiza.

① Imbogamizi eshatu zikomeye za Wax mu gukoresha irangi rigezweho:
• Ikibazo cyo Kunanirwa mu Bushyuhe Bukabije: Mu bipfukisho by'imodoka/ibikoresho, imisemburo y'ibishishwa irakoroha ku bushyuhe buri hejuru ya 150°C, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera kwa 50% mu gutakaza agaciro no kugabanuka k'uburambe.
• Imbogamizi ku mikorere y’ubuso: Ibishishwa gakondo ntibishobora gukemura icyarimwe uburyo bwo kudacika intege, kudashwanyagurika, kudashira, kumva ibintu bikozweho, n’ibindi bisabwa mu mirimo myinshi, bigabanyiriza uburyo bwo gukoresha ibishishwa.
• Igitekerezo cy’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi cyo guhagarika burundu: Gikubiyemo ubwoko burenga 10.000 bwa PFAS (harimo na fluoropolymers, nk'izikoreshwa mu gusiga amazi).
2025: Umushinga w'icyifuzo n'ubusabe bwo gutanga ibitekerezo.
2026-2027: Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryuzuye ryitezwe.

② Kongera imikorere ya Wax ihinduwe ifite imiterere myinshi ya Molecular:
• Ubudahangarwa/Gusatura: Ishashi ifite molekile nyinshi yongera cyane ubudahangarwa bw'ipfundikizo, ku kigero cyo kwiyongera kugeza kuri 50%, bigatuma igihe cyo gusiga gikomeza.
• Imikorere yo hejuru: Ituma habaho kumva ibintu byihariye, kudacika intege, kudacika intege, kudacika intege, no kudacika intege, hamwe n'ibindi bintu byinshi, hamwe n'izamuka rya 30% mu mikorere yo hejuru kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe bitandukanye.
• Ubushyuhe/Ikirere: Igishishwa cyahinduwe gifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga buri hejuru ya 260°C, bigatuma ubushyuhe/ikirere birushaho gukomera ku kigero cya 20%, bigatuma imikorere ikomeza kuba myiza mu bidukikije bikomeye.
• Kuba irinda ubushyuhe bwinshi no kwangirika bituma iba uburyo bwiza bwo gusimbura irangi rishingiye kuri PTFE.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo WAX ikwiye

Aho ishongesha ry'ishashara rigena ibidukikije byaryo n'imikorere yaryo ihamye:

Urugendo rwo Gushonga	Porogaramu	Ibicuruzwa Bisanzwe
<100℃	Gusiga irangi mu mbahoIgipfundikizo cyo gusiga ubushyuhe buke	Igishishwa cya CarnaubaIbishashara by'inzuki
100–300℃	Igipfukisho gikoreshwa muri rusange	Igitambaro cya PE, igitambaro cya Fischer Tropsch, PTFE, igitambaro cya polymer
>300℃	Igipfukisho gishyuha cyane	PTFE, ishashi ya polimeri yahinduwe

 

Ingano y'uduce tw'ishashara igira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku kugaragara, kumva, no kurinda irangi:

Ingano y'uduce (D50)	Ingaruka ku gusiga	Porogaramu
<1μm	Nta ngaruka nyinshi ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'urumuri, gitanga imiterere yoroshye:	Ikoti rinini ribengerana, ritwikiriye ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga
3–7μm	Umwanya muto woroshye wongera ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza	Irangi ryo mu nzu, irangi rya pulasitiki
8–15μm	Irangi rigaragara neza kandi rituma ridashobora kwangirika cyane	Irangi ritavanze, irangi ryo hasi
>25μm	Kora ingaruka z'imiterere y'umucanga	Irangi ry'ubuhanzi, irangi ry'inyongera ryihariye

 

Polarity igena imikorere n'imikorere ya sisitemu za wax na resin:

Igitambaro cya polarity kinini (nk'igitambaro cya polyolefin gifite aside, igitambaro cya polymer cyahinduwe): gihuye neza kandi gishobora gukwirakwira hamwe na resine za polar (nk'amazi, epoxy, polyurethane), giteza imbere cyane imiterere y'igitambaro, gikomeza gufatana no gushyira ingufu ku buso;

Igitambaro cyo mu bwoko bwa polarity low (nk'igitambaro cya PE, PTFE): cyimukira hejuru y'igitambaro kugira ngo kigire urwego rudafata amazi, rufite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi, rurwanya gufatana, kandi rukumva ko hari icyo rukoraho.

 

Ubwoko butandukanye bw'inyongeramusaruro z'ibishishwa by'ibishishwa bukwiriye ibikorwa bitandukanye byo gukora:

Amafishi	Gutunganya	Ibyiza	Ibibi
Igitambaro cya mikoronize	Gusya indegeKumisha spray	Ibikubiye mu nkuru bifatika 100% Nta ngaruka ku kurwanya amazi	Bigoye gutandukana
Emulsion y'ibishishwa by'ibishishwa	Gutunganya ibinyabutabire	Byoroshye gukoreshaIngano y'uduce duto	Emulsifier irimoBishobora kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi
Uduce tw'ibishishwa by'ibishishwa	Gusya bitose	Ubwirinzi bwizaByoroshye gukoresha	Harimo umuti ushongeshaVOC nyinshi

 

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha n'uburyo bwo gukoresha ishashi/inyongera:

Porogaramu	Ibisabwa by'ingenzi	Ubwoko bw'ibisabwa	Igipimo
Gusiga irangi ku modoka	Irinda gushwanyaguza, yoroshye kuyikoraho	Igitambaro cya PE, igitambaro cya Carnauba	0.5-2%
Icyuma cyacapwe, ibikoresho byo kuzunguruka	Irwanya gushwanyagurika, igipimo cyo gushwanyagurika gito (<0.2)	Igitambaro cya polimeriIgitambaro cya PE/PTFE	0.5-1.5%
Irangi ryo hasi	Irwanya kwangirika kw'umucanga kandi irwanya isuri	PP, ishashi ya polymer	1-3%
Gusiga irangi mu nganda	Irinda kwangirika no gushwaragurika	Igitambaro cya polimeriIgitambaro cya PE/PTFE	0.8-1.5%
Gusiga ifu	Gusiga amavuta, kudashwanyagurika no gukurura ifu	PE, FT, PP, PA, PTFE	Nta na kimwe
Wino	Irwanya kwambara, kandi ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukururana	Dukurikije ibyo ukeneye	Nta na kimwe

 

Isosiyete yacu yihariye mu gutanga ibisobanuro bitandukanye by'isukari ikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike (Polymer).

Twandikire ubu ngubu.